![]() And then as you go into the 21st century, things have gotten a lot more targeted. Has always been a factor in political elections going all the way back to the founding of the United States. And as you go into TV and newspaper, radio, and newspaper ![]() So if we go to the 20th century, you have significant use of mass media, mass media. Half of the 20th century, and now the 21st century, things have become much, much more sophisticated. ![]() But as you get into the 20th century, especially the second The late 1800s, or the second half of the 1800s, especially in places like Chicago and New York were sometimes infamous for not, the necessarily cleanest elections. In order to go and vote for one candidate or another. Going so far as even giving people things In the early days, a lot of the voter mobilization, in fact, if we think about the late 1800s where you have this party boss structure, you had people sometimes Now just as how theĬandidate picking process has evolved over time, so has the voter mobilization and the campaign management. And that was all around this idea that it was more about the candidate, especially at the presidential level than it is about the party. Their party affiliation with the Democrats, voted for President Reagan. Similarly, there's a group of folks known as the Reagan Democrats. But many Republican IrishĬatholics voted for him. Was the Democratic candidate for President in 1960. Or if someone is a registered Democrat, they might vote the other way if a candidate is particularly appealing. And because of that, it has become more common in the last 100 or so years where even if someone isĪ registered Republican, they might vote the other way. Personality of the candidate than maybe as much about Where things become much more about the position and the The direct primary, it becomes a lot more aboutĬandidate centered campaigns. For this first over 100 years, the party is where a lot of the power was. ![]() Now, this change that has happened over roughly the last 100 years, you could imagine this has changed the power dynamic between the parties and the candidates. In the Democratic primary or anyone could vote in But they also have open primaries where anyone could vote Or registered Democrat to see who represents Registered Republican to vote for who represents And those electionsĬould be closed primaries where you have to be a Where to choose the candidates that represent one party or another, you will hold elections. And so this is when you start to have the direct primary system. But in the early 1900s, there was a movement to say hey, you know what? This is not so democratic to handpick the candidates that people have to choose from. Who almost had the individual power to pick candidates to represent one party or another. You have very strong party leaders, often called party bosses. So this part of the process was not so broadly democratic. And so you have party leadership, leadership slash members who gets a hand pick. Party members pick candidates and conventions. Where the party leadership might pick candidates and some situation where the Get to the early 1900s, early 1900s, you have some situations And from that time for over 100 years, all the way until we Led the split into faction and the split into parties. How faction can be bad for a government, for a nation. The Constitution ratified in the Federalist Papers, they argue against faction. And there's a nice irony to this because it was exactly those two gentlemen that not too far before 1796, if we go to the late 1780s, and their attempt to get You have Hamilton on one side, becomes head of the Federalist Party and on the other side, headed by Madison, you have the Democratic-Republican Party. To the election of 1796, we start to see theĭevelopment of faction. So for example, George Washington, the first President of the United States, he was not affiliated with any party and our first two presidential elections had no party association. Interesting to appreciate and it's really the focus of this video, is that both of these things Sometimes going as far as getting buses, transporting them to the polling stations. Involved in voter mobilization, which is a fancy way of saying, hey getting people to vote, getting people energizedĪbout the election, to actually get to the polls. And we also talk about, in that video on linkage institutions, how political parties are And as we will talk about in this video, we'll think about how candidates are actually chosen to In particular, we talkĪbout how they are involved in recruiting candidates. On linkage institutions, we talk a lot about political parties and the various roles that they play in the political system.
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